Mmetụta nke ebili mmiri electromagnetic na nje nje pathogenic na usoro ndị metụtara ya: nyocha na Journal of Virology

Ọrịa nje na-ebute ọrịa abụrụla nnukwu nsogbu ahụike ọha na eze n'ụwa niile. Nje Virus nwere ike bute ihe dị ndụ n'ime mkpụrụ ndụ ihe niile wee bute mmerụ ahụ na mmebi dị iche iche, na-ebute ọrịa na ọbụna ọnwụ. N'ihi mgbasa nke nje na-efe efe nke ukwuu dị ka nnukwu ọrịa iku ume iku ume coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), ọ dị mkpa ngwa ngwa imepụta ụzọ dị mma na nchekwa iji gbochie nje nje. Ụzọ ọdịnala maka ịgbanyụ nje ndị na-akpata ọrịa dị irè mana ha nwere oke. Site na njirimara nke ike ịbanye n'ime elu, ụda anụ ahụ na enweghị mmetọ, ebili mmiri electromagnetic aghọwo atụmatụ nwere ike ime ka ọ ghara ịmalite nje nje na-akpata ma na-adọta mmasị na-arịwanye elu. Isiokwu a na-enye nkọwa nke akwụkwọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya banyere mmetụta nke ebili mmiri electromagnetic na nje nje na-akpata ọrịa na usoro ha, yana atụmanya maka iji ebili mmiri electromagnetic eme ka ọ ghara ịmalite nje nje pathogenic, yana echiche ọhụrụ na ụzọ maka nkwụsị dị otú ahụ.
Ọtụtụ nje na-agbasa ngwa ngwa, na-adịgide ruo ogologo oge, na-ebute oke ọrịa na-ebute ọrịa na-efe efe zuru ụwa ọnụ na nnukwu ihe ize ndụ ahụike. Mgbochi, nchọpụta, nnwale, mkpochapụ na ọgwụgwọ bụ isi ihe iji kwụsị mgbasa nke nje a. Mwepụ ngwa ngwa na nke ọma nke nje ndị na-akpata ọrịa na-agụnye prophylactic, nchebe, na mkpochapụ isi iyi. Mwepu nke nje nje site na mbibi physiological iji belata nje ha, ọrịa nje na ikike ịmụ nwa bụ ụzọ dị irè nke mkpochapụ ha. Ụzọ ọdịnala, gụnyere oke okpomọkụ, kemịkalụ na ionizing radieshon, nwere ike ime ka nje ndị na-akpata ọrịa kwụsị ọrụ nke ọma. Agbanyeghị, ụzọ ndị a ka nwere oke ụfọdụ. Ya mere, a ka nwere mkpa ngwa ngwa ịmepụta atụmatụ ọhụrụ maka ịgbanye nje ndị na-akpata ọrịa.
Mwepụta nke ebili mmiri electromagnetic nwere uru nke ike ntinye dị elu, kpo oku ngwa ngwa na otu, resonance na microorganisms na mwepụta plasma, a na-atụkwa anya na ọ ga-abụ usoro bara uru maka ịgbanye nje nje pathogenic [1,2,3]. E gosiputara ike nke ebili mmiri elektrọnịk iji mebie nje nje nje na narị afọ gara aga [4]. N'ime afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, iji ebili mmiri electromagnetic eme ihe na-adịghị arụ ọrụ nke nje nje na-akpata adọtawo nlebara anya na-abawanye ụba. Isiokwu a na-atụle mmetụta nke ebili mmiri electromagnetic na nje nje na-akpata ọrịa na usoro ha, nke nwere ike ịbụ ihe nduzi bara uru maka nyocha nke isi na nke etinyere.
Njirimara morphological nke nje nwere ike igosipụta ọrụ dịka ịlanarị na ọrịa. Egosiputara na ebili mmiri electromagnetic, ọkachasị ultra highfrequency (UHF) na ultra highfrequency (EHF) ebili mmiri electromagnetic, nwere ike ịkpaghasị ọdịdị nke nje.
A na-ejikarị Bacteriophage MS2 (MS2) eme ihe na mpaghara nyocha dị iche iche dị ka nyocha disinfection, ụdị kinetic (aqueous), na njirimara ndu nke mkpụrụ ndụ nje [5, 6]. Wu chọpụtara na microwaves na 2450 MHz na 700 W kpatara mkpokọta na mbelata dị ukwuu nke MS2 aquatic phages mgbe nkeji 1 nke irradiation ozugbo [1]. Ka emechara nyocha ọzọ, a hụkwara ezumike n'elu phage MS2 [7]. Kaczmarczyk [8] kpughere nkwusioru nke ihe atụ nke coronavirus 229E (CoV-229E) na ebili mmiri millimeter nwere ugboro 95 GHz yana njupụta ike nke 70 ruo 100 W/cm2 maka 0.1 s. Enwere ike ịchọta oghere buru ibu na shei nje virus na-adịghị ike, nke na-eduga ná mfu nke ọdịnaya ya. Ikpughe na ebili mmiri electromagnetic nwere ike imebi ụdị nje. Otú ọ dị, mgbanwe na morphological Njirimara, dị ka udi, dayameta na elu ire ụtọ, mgbe ekpughere nje virus na electromagnetic radieshon amaghi. Ya mere, ọ dị mkpa iji nyochaa mmekọrịta dị n'etiti njirimara morphological na nsogbu arụ ọrụ, nke nwere ike inye ihe ngosi bara uru na nke dị mma maka nyochaa inactivation virus [1].
Ọdịdị viral na-enwekarị acid nucleic (RNA ma ọ bụ DNA) na capsid mpụga. Nucleic acid na-ekpebi ihe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na imepụtaghachi nke nje. Capsid bụ oyi akwa dị n'èzí nke subunits protein a na-ahazi mgbe niile, isi ihe na-emepụta ihe na antigenic nke nje nje, ma na-echekwakwa acid nucleic. Ọtụtụ nje nwere usoro envelopu mejupụtara lipids na glycoproteins. Na mgbakwunye, protein envelopu na-ekpebi kpọmkwem kpọmkwem ndị na-anabata ya ma na-eje ozi dị ka antigens bụ isi nke usoro ahụ ji alụso ọrịa ọgụ nke onye ọbịa ahụ nwere ike ịmata. Nhazi zuru oke na-eme ka iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe na nkwụsi ike nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nke nje.
Nnyocha egosila na ebili mmiri electromagnetic, karịsịa UHF electromagnetic ebili mmiri, nwere ike imebi RNA nke nje na-ebute ọrịa. Wu [1] ekpughere ozugbo gburugburu mmiri mmiri nke nje MS2 na microwaves 2450 MHz maka nkeji 2 wee nyochaa mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na-etinye protein A, protein capsid, protein oyiri, na protein cleavage site na gel electrophoresis na ntụgharị transcription polymerase chain reaction. RT-PCR). E ji nke nta nke nta bibie mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa ndị a site na njupụta ike na-abawanye na ọbụna na-apụ n'anya na njupụta ike kachasị elu. Dị ka ihe atụ, okwu nke protein A gene (934 bp) budata ibelata mgbe ikpughe na electromagnetic ebili mmiri na ike nke 119 na 385 W na kpamkpam okụrede mgbe ike njupụta na-abawanye na 700 W. Ndị a data na-egosi na electromagnetic ebili mmiri nwere ike, dabere na dose ahụ, mebie usoro nke nucleic acids nke nje.
Nnyocha e mere n'oge na-adịbeghị anya egosila na mmetụta nke ebili mmiri electromagnetic na protein nje nje na-adabere na mmetụta ha na-adịghị ahụkebe na ndị mgbasa ozi na mmetụta ha na-apụtaghị ìhè na njikọ protein n'ihi mbibi nke nucleic acid [1, 3, 8, 9]. Agbanyeghị, mmetụta athermic nwekwara ike gbanwee polarity ma ọ bụ nhazi nke protein viral [1, 10, 11]. Mmetụta kpọmkwem nke ebili mmiri electromagnetic na protein ndị dị n'ụdị nhazi/anaghị arụ ọrụ dịka protein capsid, protein envelopu ma ọ bụ protein spike nke nje nje ka na-achọkwu ọmụmụ ihe. N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, a tụrụ aro na nkeji 2 nke radieshon electromagnetic na ugboro nke 2.45 GHz nwere ike nke 700 W nwere ike imekọrịta ya na akụkụ dị iche iche nke ebubo protein site na nhazi nke ntụpọ ọkụ na ebe ọkụ eletrik na-emegharị site na mmetụta electromagnetic naanị [12].
Envelopu nke nje nje nwere njikọ chiri anya na ikike o nwere ibunye ma ọ bụ bute ọrịa. Ọtụtụ nnyocha akọwawo na UHF na microwave ebili mmiri electromagnetic nwere ike ibibi shells nke nje na-akpata ọrịa. Dịka e kwuru n'elu, enwere ike ịchọta oghere dị iche iche na envelopu viral nke coronavirus 229E mgbe mkpughe 0.1 nke abụọ na ebili mmiri millimita 95 GHz na njupụta ike nke 70 ruo 100 W/cm2 [8]. Mmetụta nke nnyefe ike resonant nke ebili mmiri electromagnetic nwere ike ime ka nrụgide zuru ezu mebie nhazi nke envelopu nje. Maka nje virus kpuchiri ekpuchi, mgbe mgbawa nke envelopu ahụ gasịrị, ọrịa nje ma ọ bụ ụfọdụ ọrụ na-ebelata ma ọ bụ na-efunahụ kpamkpam [13, 14]. Yang [13] kpughere nje influenza H3N2 (H3N2) na nje influenza H1N1 (H1N1) na microwaves na 8.35 GHz, 320 W/m² na 7 GHz, 308 W/m², n'otu n'otu, maka nkeji iri na ise. N'iji atụnyere akara RNA nke nje nje ndị ekpughere na ebili mmiri elektrọnịkị na ụdị ekewapụrụ ajụ oyi wee gbazee na nitrogen mmiri mmiri ozugbo maka ọtụtụ okirikiri, RT-PCR mere. Nsonaazụ gosiri na akara RNA nke ụdị abụọ a na-agbanwe agbanwe. Nsonaazụ ndị a na-egosi na a na-akpaghasị usoro anụ ahụ nke nje na-emebi usoro envelopu mgbe ekpughere radieshon microwave.
Enwere ike ijikwa ọrụ nje site n'ikike ya ibunye, megharịa na idegharị ya. A na-enyochakarị ọrịa nje ma ọ bụ ihe omume site na ịlele titers viral site na iji plaque assays, omenala anụ ahụ median infective dose (TCID50), ma ọ bụ ọrụ onye nta akụkọ luciferase. Mana enwere ike nyochaa ya ozugbo site na ikewapụ nje dị ndụ ma ọ bụ site na nyocha antigen viral, njupụta nke nje virus, nlanarị nje, wdg.
A kọwo na UHF, SHF na EHF ebili mmiri electromagnetic nwere ike ime ka ikuku aerosols ma ọ bụ nje sitere na mmiri rụọ ọrụ ozugbo. Wu [1] kpughere MS2 bacteriophage aerosol nke nebulizer ụlọ nyocha mepụtara na ebili mmiri electromagnetic nwere ugboro 2450 MHz yana ike 700 W maka nkeji 1.7, ebe ọnụọgụ nje bacteria MS2 bụ naanị 8.66%. N'otu aka ahụ MS2 viral aerosol, 91.3% nke mmiri mmiri MS2 agbanyụrụ n'ime nkeji 1.5 ka ekpughere ya na otu dose nke ebili mmiri electromagnetic. Na mgbakwunye, ikike nke radieshon elektrọnik iji mebie nje MS2 nwere njikọ chiri anya na njupụta ike na oge mkpughe. Otú ọ dị, mgbe arụmọrụ nkwụsị ahụ ruru uru kachasị elu, arụ ọrụ nkwụsị ọrụ enweghị ike imeziwanye site n'ịbawanye oge ikpughe ma ọ bụ ịbawanye njupụta ike. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, nje MS2 nwere ntakịrị nlanarị nke 2.65% ruo 4.37% mgbe ekpughere ya na ebili mmiri electromagnetic 2450 MHz na 700 W, ọ nweghị mgbanwe dị ịrịba ama ahụrụ na oge mkpughe na-abawanye. Siddharta [3] kpalitere nkwusioru ọdịnala cell nke nwere nje ịba ọcha n'anya C (HCV) / ụdị nje immunodeficiency mmadụ 1 (HIV-1) nwere ebili mmiri electromagnetic na ugboro 2450 MHz na ike nke 360 ​​W. Ha chọpụtara na titers nje dara dara nke ukwuu. mgbe nkeji 3 nke ikpughe, na-egosi na radieshon electromagnetic dị irè megide nje HCV na HIV-1 ma na-enyere aka igbochi mgbasa nke nje ọbụlagodi mgbe ekpughere ya. ọnụ. Mgbe ịgbasa omenala HCV cell na nje HIV-1 suspensions na obere ike electromagnetic ebili mmiri na ugboro nke 2450 MHz, 90 W ma ọ bụ 180 W, ọ dịghị mgbanwe na nje titer, kpebisiri ike na luciferase onye nta akụkọ ọrụ, na nnukwu mgbanwe na viral infectivity. hụrụ. na 600 na 800 W maka nkeji 1, nje virus abụọ ahụ ebelataghị nke ukwuu, nke a kwenyere na ọ na-emetụta ike nke radieshon electromagnetic na oge okpomọkụ dị egwu.
Kaczmarczyk [8] buru ụzọ gosipụta ọnwụ nke EHF ebili mmiri electromagnetic megide nje ndị na-efe efe nke mmiri na 2021. Ha kpughere ihe atụ nke coronavirus 229E ma ọ bụ poliovirus (PV) na ebili mmiri electromagnetic na ugboro 95 GHz na njupụta ike nke 70 ruo 100 W/cm2 maka 2 sekọnd. Ịrụ ọrụ arụ ọrụ nke nje nje nje abụọ ahụ bụ 99.98% na 99.375%, n'otu n'otu. nke na-egosi na EHF electromagnetic ebili mmiri nwere nnukwu ngwa atụmanya na ubi nke inactivation nje.
A tụlekwara ịdị irè nke ịgbanye nje virus UHF n'usoro mgbasa ozi dị iche iche dị ka mmiri ara ara na ụfọdụ ihe ndị a na-ejikarị n'ụlọ. Ndị nchọpụta ahụ kpugheere ihe mkpuchi anesthesia nke adenovirus (ADV), ụdị poliovirus 1 (PV-1), herpesvirus 1 (HV-1) na rhinovirus (RHV) na radieshon electromagnetic na ugboro 2450 MHz na ike nke 720 watts. Ha kọrọ na ule maka ADV na PV-1 antigens ghọrọ ndị na-adịghị mma, na HV-1, PIV-3, na RHV titers dara na efu, na-egosi enweghị ọrụ nke nje niile mgbe nkeji 4 gasịrị [15, 16]. Elhafi [17] ekpughere ozugbo swabs butere nje virus na-efe efe nke avian (IBV), avian pneumovirus (APV), nje ọrịa Newcastle (NDV), na nje influenza nke Avian (AIV) na oven microwave 2450 MHz, 900 W. hapụ ha infectivity. N'ime ha, achọpụtara APV na IBV na omenala akụkụ tracheal enwetara site na embrayo chick nke ọgbọ nke ise. Ọ bụ ezie na nje a enweghị ike ịnọpụ iche, RT-PCR ka chọtara nje nucleic acid. Ben-Shoshan [18] kpughere ozugbo 2450 MHz, 750 W electromagnetic ebili mmiri na 15 cytomegalovirus (CMV) ezigbo mmiri ara ehi maka sekọnd 30. Nchọpụta antigen site Shell-Vial gosipụtara enweghị ọrụ CMV zuru oke. Otú ọ dị, na 500 W, 2 n'ime 15 samples enwetaghị arụ ọrụ zuru oke, nke na-egosi njikọ dị mma n'etiti arụmọrụ arụ ọrụ na ike nke ebili mmiri electromagnetic.
Ọ dịkwa mma ịmara na Yang [13] buru amụma ugboro ugboro n'etiti ebili mmiri electromagnetic na nje sitere na ụdị anụ ahụ guzosiri ike. Nkwusioru nke nje virus H3N2 nke nwere njupụta nke 7.5 × 1014 m-3, nke Madin Darby dog ​​​​cell Kidney (MDCK) na-ahụ maka nje virus mepụtara, ekpughere ozugbo na ebili mmiri electromagnetic na ugboro 8 GHz na ike nke 820. W/m² maka nkeji iri na ise. Ọkwa nke inactivation nke nje H3N2 ruru 100%. Otú ọ dị, n'ọnụ ọnụ ọgụgụ nke 82 W/m2, nanị 38% nke nje H3N2 adịghị arụ ọrụ, na-atụ aro na ịrụ ọrụ nke mgbasa ozi mgbasa ozi EM nwere njikọ chiri anya na njupụta ike. Dabere na ọmụmụ a, Barbora [14] gbakọrọ ọnụ ọgụgụ nke resonant ugboro (8.5-20 GHz) n'etiti ebili mmiri electromagnetic na SARS-CoV-2 wee kwubie na 7.5 × 1014 m-3 nke SARS-CoV-2 kpughere na ebili mmiri electromagnetic A ifegharị. na ugboro nke 10-17 GHz na njupụta ike nke 14.5 ± 1 W / m2 maka ihe dịka nkeji 15 ga-arụpụta. na 100% deactivation. Nnyocha e mere n'oge na-adịbeghị anya nke Wang [19] gosiri na resonant frequency nke SARS-CoV-2 bụ 4 na 7.5 GHz, na-akwado ịdị adị nke resonant frequency na-adabere na nje titer.
N'ikpeazụ, anyị nwere ike ịsị na ebili mmiri electromagnetic nwere ike imetụta aerosols na suspensions, yana ọrụ nke nje na elu. Achọpụtara na ịdị irè nke inactivation nwere njikọ chiri anya na ugboro na ike nke ebili mmiri electromagnetic na usoro eji emepụta nje. Na mgbakwunye, frequency electromagnetic dabere na resonances anụ ahụ dị ezigbo mkpa maka inactivation nje [2, 13]. Ruo ugbu a, mmetụta nke ebili mmiri electromagnetic na ọrụ nke nje nje na-elekwasị anya n'ịgbanwe ọrịa. N'ihi usoro dị mgbagwoju anya, ọtụtụ nchọpụta akọpụtala mmetụta nke ebili mmiri electromagnetic na ntugharị na ndegharị nke nje nje.
Usoro nke electromagnetic ebili mmiri na-adịghị arụ ọrụ nje nwere njikọ chiri anya na ụdị nje, ugboro na ike nke ebili mmiri electromagnetic, na uto gburugburu ebe nje virus, ma na-anọgide na-adịghị achọpụta ya. Nnyocha e mere n'oge na-adịbeghị anya lekwasịrị anya na usoro nke nnyefe ọkụ, athermal, na structural resonant ume.
A na-aghọta mmetụta okpomọkụ dị ka mmụba nke okpomọkụ nke ntugharị ọsọ ọsọ na-akpata, nkukota na esemokwu nke mkpụrụ ndụ polar na anụ ahụ n'okpuru mmetụta nke ebili mmiri electromagnetic. N'ihi ihe onwunwe a, ebili mmiri electromagnetic nwere ike ibuli okpomọkụ nke nje ahụ n'elu ọnụ ụzọ nke ndidi physiological, na-akpata ọnwụ nke nje. Agbanyeghị, nje nwere obere mkpụrụ ndụ polar ole na ole, nke na-egosi na mmetụta ọkụ kpọmkwem na nje virus dị ụkọ [1]. N'ụzọ megidere nke ahụ, e nwere ọtụtụ ihe ndị ọzọ pola ụmụ irighiri ihe na-ajụ na gburugburu ebe obibi, dị ka mmiri molekul, nke na-akpali dị ka alternating ọkụ eletrik obi ụtọ site electromagnetic ebili mmiri, na-amụba okpomọkụ site esemokwu. A na-ebufe ọkụ ahụ na nje virus iji bulie okpomọkụ ya. Mgbe oke nnabata gafere, a na-ebibi acid nucleic na protein, nke na-emecha belata ọrịa na ọbụna na-egbochi nje ahụ.
Otutu otu akọputala na ebili mmiri eletrọndọkị nwere ike ibelata nje virus site na mkpughe ọkụ [1, 3, 8]. Kaczmarczyk [8] kpughere nkwusioru nke coronavirus 229E na ebili mmiri electromagnetic n'ogo nke 95 GHz nwere njupụta ike nke 70 ruo 100 W/cm² maka 0.2-0.7 s. Nsonaazụ gosiri na mmụba okpomọkụ nke 100 Celsius C n'oge usoro a nyere aka na mbibi nke mkpụrụ ndụ nje ma belata ọrụ nje. Enwere ike ịkọwa mmetụta ọkụ ndị a site na omume nke ebili mmiri electromagnetic na ụmụ irighiri mmiri gbara ya gburugburu. Siddharta [3] nkwusioru HCV-nwere cell cell nkwusioru nke genotypes dị iche iche, gụnyere GT1a, GT2a, GT3a, GT4a, GT5a, GT6a na GT7a, na ebili mmiri electromagnetic na ugboro nke 2450 MHz na ike nke 90 W na 1300 W, W, 600 W na 800 Tue na otu mmụba na okpomọkụ nke usoro omenala cell site na 26 ° C ruo 92 Celsius, radieshon electromagnetic belatara nje virus ma ọ bụ mebie nje ahụ kpamkpam. Ma HCV ekpughere na ebili mmiri electromagnetic maka obere oge na ike dị ala (90 ma ọ bụ 180 W, 3 nkeji) ma ọ bụ ike dị elu (600 ma ọ bụ 800 W, 1 nkeji), ebe enweghị mmụba dị ịrịba ama na okpomọkụ na mgbanwe dị ịrịba ama na A hụghị nje virus na-efe efe ma ọ bụ ọrụ.
Nsonaazụ ndị a dị n'elu na-egosi na mmetụta okpomọkụ nke ebili mmiri electromagnetic bụ isi ihe na-emetụta nje ma ọ bụ ọrụ nke nje nje. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, ọtụtụ nchọpụta egosila na mmetụta okpomọkụ nke radieshon electromagnetic na-eme ka nje virus na-akpata ọrịa na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma karịa UV-C na kpo oku [8, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24].
Na mgbakwunye na mmetụta thermal, ebili mmiri electromagnetic nwekwara ike ịgbanwe polarity nke ụmụ irighiri ihe dị ka protein microbial na nucleic acid, na-eme ka ụmụ irighiri ihe na-atụgharị na ịma jijiji, na-ebute mbelata viability ma ọ bụ ọbụna ọnwụ [10]. Ekwenyere na ngbanwe ngwa ngwa nke polarity nke ebili mmiri electromagnetic na-akpata protin polarization, nke na-eduga n'ịtụgharị na ntụgharị nke nhazi protein na, n'ikpeazụ, na protein denaturation [11].
Mmetụta na-abụghị thermal nke ebili mmiri electromagnetic na inactivation nje ka na-arụrịta ụka, mana ọtụtụ ọmụmụ egosila nsonaazụ dị mma [1, 25]. Dịka anyị kwuru n'elu, ebili mmiri electromagnetic nwere ike banye ozugbo na protein envelopu nke nje MS2 wee bibie acid nucleic nke nje ahụ. Na mgbakwunye, aerosols nje virus MS2 na-enwe mmetụta karịa ebili mmiri electromagnetic karịa MS2 aqueous. N'ihi obere mkpụrụ ndụ pola, dị ka ụmụ irighiri mmiri, na gburugburu gburugburu nje aerosols nje MS2, mmetụta athermic nwere ike rụọ ọrụ dị mkpa na inactivation nje na-ebute mgbasa ozi electromagnetic [1].
Ihe ngosi nke resonance na-ezo aka na ọchịchọ nke usoro anụ ahụ iji nweta ume site na gburugburu ebe obibi ya n'oge okike ya na ogologo ogologo ya. Resonance na-apụta n'ọtụtụ ebe na okike. A maara na nje na-emegharị na microwaves nke otu ugboro na ọnọdụ ụda dipole nwere oke, ihe na-eme mkpọtụ [2, 13, 26]. Ụdị mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ikuku electromagnetic na nje na-adọtakwu nlebara anya. Mmetụta nke nnyefe ike resonance structural resonance nke ọma (SRET) site na ebili mmiri electromagnetic gaa na oscillations acoustic mechiri emechi na nje nwere ike iduga mgbawa nke akpụkpọ ahụ viral n'ihi mmegide isi-capsid vibrations. Na mgbakwunye, n'ozuzu irè nke SRET metụtara ọdịdị nke gburugburu ebe obibi, ebe nha na pH nke nje nje na-ekpebi ugboro resonant na ike absorption, n'otu n'otu [2, 13, 19].
Mmetụta resonance anụ ahụ nke ebili mmiri electromagnetic na-ekere òkè dị mkpa n'ịkwalite nje virus kpuchiri ekpuchi, nke akpụkpọ anụ bilayer gbanyere na protein viral gbara ya gburugburu. Ndị nchọpụta ahụ chọpụtara na nkwụsị nke H3N2 site na ebili mmiri electromagnetic nwere ugboro nke 6 GHz na njupụta ike nke 486 W/m² bụ ihe kpatara mgbawa anụ ahụ nke shei ahụ n'ihi mmetụta resonance [13]. Okpomọkụ nke nkwusioru H3N2 mụbara naanị 7 Celsius ka nkeji iri na ise nke ikpughe, agbanyeghị, maka ịgbanye nje H3N2 mmadụ site na kpo oku ọkụ, a chọrọ okpomọkụ karịrị 55°C [9]. A hụla ihe ndị dị otú ahụ maka nje virus dịka SARS-CoV-2 na H3N1 [13, 14]. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, nkwụsị nke nje site na ebili mmiri electromagnetic anaghị eduga na mmebi nke mkpụrụ ndụ RNA viral [1,13,14]. Ya mere, mmeghari nke nje H3N2 na-akwalite site na resonance nke anụ ahụ kama ikpughe ọkụ [13].
E jiri ya tụnyere mmetụta thermal nke ebili mmiri electromagnetic, mmeghe nke nje site na resonance anụ ahụ chọrọ obere doses, nke dị n'okpuru ụkpụrụ nchekwa microwave nke Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) guzobere [2, 13]. The resonant ugboro na ike dose na-adabere na anụ ahụ Njirimara nke nje, dị ka urughuru size na elasticity, na niile nje n'ime resonant ugboro nwere ike n'ụzọ dị irè ezubere iche maka inactivation. N'ihi ọnụ ọgụgụ ntinye dị elu, enweghị radieshon ionizing, yana ezigbo nchekwa, nje inactivation nke mmetụta athermic nke CPET na-ekwe nkwa maka ọgwụgwọ ọrịa ndị na-adịghị mma nke mmadụ na-akpata site na nje virus pathogenic [14, 26].
Dabere na mmejuputa atumatu nke inactivation nke nje na usoro mmiri mmiri na n'elu mgbasa ozi dị iche iche, ebili mmiri electromagnetic nwere ike imeri ikuku aerosols nke ọma nke ọma [1, 26], nke bụ ihe na-emepe emepe ma dị oke mkpa maka ịchịkwa mgbasa ozi. nje na igbochi mgbasa nke nje na ọha mmadụ. ntiwapụ ọrịa. Ọzọkwa, nchọpụta nke resonance nke anụ ahụ nke ebili mmiri electromagnetic dị oke mkpa na mpaghara a. Ọ bụrụhaala na amaara ugboro ugboro resonant nke otu virion na ebili mmiri electromagnetic, nje niile dị n'ime oke ọnya ọnya nwere ike ịchebe, nke enweghị ike nweta ya site na ụzọ inactivation nke nje ọdịnala [13,14,26]. Inactivation nke nje virus bụ nyocha na-ekwe nkwa nke nwere nnukwu nyocha yana uru na ikike etinyere ya.
E jiri ya tụnyere teknụzụ igbu egbu nje, ebili mmiri electromagnetic nwere njirimara nke dị mfe, dị irè, nchebe gburugburu ebe obibi mgbe ọ na-egbu nje n'ihi njirimara anụ ahụ pụrụ iche [2, 13]. Agbanyeghị, ọtụtụ nsogbu ka dị. Nke mbụ, ihe ọmụma nke oge a bụ naanị na njirimara anụ ahụ nke ebili mmiri electromagnetic, na usoro eji ike eme ihe n'oge ebili mmiri electromagnetic egosighi [10, 27]. Microwave, gụnyere ebili mmiri millimita, ka ejirila ọtụtụ ebe iji mụọ nje inactivation na usoro ya, agbanyeghị, ọmụmụ banyere ebili mmiri elektrọn na ugboro ndị ọzọ, ọkachasị na ugboro ugboro site na 100 kHz ruo 300 MHz na site na 300 GHz ruo 10 THZ, akọbeghị. Nke abuo, usoro e ji egbu nje nje site na ebili mmiri electromagnetic akọwapụtabeghị ya, ọ bụ naanị nje ndị nwere okirikiri na ụdị mkpanaka ka a mụọla [2]. Na mgbakwunye, irighiri nje virus dị ntakịrị, enweghị cell, na-agbanwe ngwa ngwa, na-agbasa ngwa ngwa, nke nwere ike igbochi ọrịa nje. Teknụzụ wave elektrọn ka ọ dị mkpa imeziwanye ya iji merie ihe mgbochi nke ime ka nje ndị na-akpata ọrịa kwụsị ọrụ. N'ikpeazụ, nnukwu nnabata nke ike na-egbuke egbuke site na mkpụrụ ndụ polar na ọkara, dị ka mmiri mmiri, na-ebute ọnwụ ike. Na mgbakwunye, arụmọrụ nke SRET nwere ike imetụta ọtụtụ usoro amabeghị na nje [28]. Mmetụta SRET nwekwara ike gbanwee nje ahụ ka ọ gbanwee na gburugburu ya, na-ebute iguzogide ebili mmiri electromagnetic [29].
N'ọdịnihu, nkà na ụzụ nke inactivation nje site na iji ebili mmiri electromagnetic kwesịrị ka ọ dịkwuo mma. Ekwesịrị iji nyocha sayensị bụ isi iji kọwapụta usoro nke ịgbanye nje site na ebili mmiri electromagnetic. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, usoro nke iji ike nke nje virus mgbe ekpughere ya na ebili mmiri electromagnetic, usoro zuru ezu nke ihe na-adịghị eme ọkụ nke na-egbu nje nje na-egbu nje, na usoro nke mmetụta SRET n'etiti ebili mmiri electromagnetic na ụdị nje dị iche iche kwesịrị ịkọwapụta n'usoro. Nchoputa etinyere n’ọrụ kwesiri ileba anya n’otu esi egbochi nnabata oke ike nke radieshon site na molecules polar, mụọ mmetụta nke ebili mmiri electromagnetic nke ugboro dị iche iche na nje nje dị iche iche, wee mụọ mmetụta na-abụghị thermal nke ebili mmiri electromagnetic na mbibi nke nje nje.
Ebili mmiri eletrọnịkị abụrụla ụzọ na-ekwe nkwa maka ịgbanye nje na-akpata ọrịa. Teknụzụ ebili mmiri eletrọnịkị nwere uru nke mmetọ dị ala, ọnụ ala dị ala, yana arụ ọrụ enweghị ọrụ nje pathogen dị elu, nke nwere ike imeri njedebe nke teknụzụ mgbochi nje ọdịnala. Agbanyeghị, ọ dị mkpa nyocha ọzọ iji chọpụta parampat nke teknụzụ ebili mmiri elektrọn ma kọwaa usoro nke enweghị ọrụ nje.
Otu dose nke radieshon ebili mmiri electromagnetic nwere ike ibibi nhazi na ọrụ nke ọtụtụ nje nje. Ịrụ ọrụ nke enweghị ọrụ nje nwere njikọ chiri anya na ugboro ole, njupụta ike, na oge mkpughe. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, usoro ndị nwere ike ịgụnye mmetụta okpomọkụ, athermal, na resonance nhazi nke nnyefe ike. E jiri ya tụnyere teknụzụ mgbochi ọdịnala, inactivation nje virus nke na-efegharị ọkụ eletrik nwere uru nke ịdị mfe, arụmọrụ dị elu na mmetọ dị ala. Ya mere, inactivation nje virus nke na-efegharị ikuku electromagnetic aghọwo usoro mgbochi nje na-ekwe nkwa maka ngwa n'ọdịnihu.
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