Ndị Iri Kachasị Elu n'ihe gbasara Okike na Sayensị:

A kpọrọ Yunlong Cao nke Mahadum Peking aha maka nyocha ọhụrụ gbasara coronavirus

Na Disemba 15, 2022, Nature kwupụtara 10 nke Nature, ndepụta nke mmadụ iri so na ihe omume sayensị dị mkpa n'afọ a, nakwa akụkọ ha na-enye echiche pụrụ iche gbasara ụfọdụ ihe omume sayensị kacha mkpa n'afọ a pụrụ iche.

N'ime otu afọ nke nsogbu na nchọpụta na-atọ ụtọ, Okike họọrọ mmadụ iri site na ndị ọkà mmụta mbara igwe ndị nyeere anyị aka ịghọta ihe dị adị n'eluigwe, ruo ndị nchọpụta bụ ndị nyeere aka na ọrịa New Crown na ọrịa monkeypox, ruo ndị dọkịta na-awa ahụ bụ ndị mebiri ókè nke ịtinye akụkụ ahụ, ka Rich Monastersky, onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke Nature Features kwuru.

Yunlong Cao si na Biomedical Frontier Innovation Center (BIOPIC) na Mahadum Peking. Dr. Cao gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Zhejiang na nzere bachelọ na Fizik ma nweta PhD ya na Ngalaba Kemịstrị na Biology Kemịkalụ nke Mahadum Harvard n'okpuru Xiaoliang Xie, ma ugbu a ọ bụ onye otu nyocha na Biomedical Frontier Innovation Center na Mahadum Peking. Yunlong Cao anọwo na-elekwasị anya na mmepe nke teknụzụ usoro otu mkpụrụ ndụ, nyocha ya enyekwara aka ịchọpụta mgbanwe nke coronavirus ọhụrụ ma buru amụma ụfọdụ mgbanwe ndị na-eduga na mmepụta nke ụdị mutant ọhụrụ.

Na 18 Mee 2020, Xiaoliang Xie/Yunlong Cao na ndị otu ya bipụtara akwụkwọ n'akwụkwọ akụkọ Cell nke akpọrọ: "Akwa mgbochi ndị na-egbochi SARS-CoV-2 nke a chọpụtara site na usoro mkpụrụ ndụ B nke ndị ọrịa na-agbake nke ukwuu" Akwụkwọ nyocha ahụ.

Ọmụmụ ihe a na-akọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke nyocha ọhụrụ nke na-egbochi mgbochi nje coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), nke jiri usoro RNA na VDJ nke nwere ike ime ka mmadụ ghara ịbanye n'ime ahụ, chọpụta ọgwụ mgbochi monoclonal iri na anọ nke na-egbochi nje site na ihe karịrị ọgwụ mgbochi IgG1 nke nwere antigen 8500 n'ime mmadụ 60 gbakere na COVID-19.

Nnyocha a gosiri na nke mbụ na enwere ike iji usoro nhazi otu mkpụrụ ndụ dị elu mee ihe ozugbo maka nchọpụta ọgwụ ma nwee uru nke ịbụ usoro dị ngwa ma dị irè, nke na-ekwe nkwa ịgbanwe ụzọ ndị mmadụ si enyocha maka igbochi ọgwụ mgbochi nje na nje ndị na-efe efe.

Na 17 Juun 2022, Xiaoliang Xie/Yunlong Cao na ndị otu ya bipụtara akwụkwọ akpọrọ: BA.2.12.1, BA.4 na BA.5 agbapụ mgbochi nje nke ọrịa Omicron kpatara n'akwụkwọ akụkọ Nature.

Nnyocha a chọpụtara na ụdị mkpụrụ ndụ ọhụrụ nke ụdị mkpụrụ ndụ Omicron BA.2.12.1, BA.4 na BA.5 gosipụtara mmụba nke mgbapụ ahụ ji alụso ọrịa ọgụ na nnukwu mbelata nke mgbapụ plasma n'ime ndị ọrịa nwere Omicron BA.1 gbakere.

Nchọpụta ndị a na-egosi na ọgwụ mgbochi Omicron nke dabeere na BA.1 nwere ike ọ gaghịzi adabara dị ka ihe na-akwalite ọgwụ mgbochi ugbu a nakwa na ọgwụ mgbochi ndị a na-ebute agaghị enye nchebe sara mbara megide ụdị mutant ọhụrụ. Ọzọkwa, mgbochi ìgwè mmadụ site na ọrịa Omicron siri ike nke ukwuu n'ihi ihe 'immunogenic' nke coronaviruses ọhụrụ na mgbanwe ngwa ngwa nke ebe mgbanwe mgbochi ahụ.

Na 30 Ọktoba 2022, ndị otu Xiaoliang Xie/Yunlong Cao bipụtara akwụkwọ nyocha nke akpọrọ: Immune humoral SARS-CoV-2 nke e bipụtara na-akpali mgbanwe Omicron RBD na bioRxiv nke e bipụtara tupu oge eruo.

Nnyocha a na-egosi na uru XBB karịa BQ.1 nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi mgbanwe dị n'èzí ngalaba njikọ receptor (RBD) nke spinosin, na XBB nwekwara mgbanwe n'akụkụ nke genome nke na-akọwapụta ngalaba nhazi N-terminal (NTD) nke spinosin, nakwa na XBB nwere ike ịgbanahụ mgbochi nje megide NTD, nke nwere ike ikwe ka ọ bute ndị na-anaghị anabata BQ.1 na ụdị ndị yiri ya. Agbanyeghị, ọ dị mkpa ịmara na mgbanwe na mpaghara NTD na-eme na BQ.1 n'ọsọ dị oke ọsọ. Mgbanwe ndị a na-eme ka ikike nke ụdị ndị a dị iche iche ka mma ịgbanahụ mgbochi nje nke ọgwụ mgbochi na ọrịa ndị gara aga mepụtara.

Dọkịta Yunlong Cao kwuru na enwere ike inwe nchebe megide XBB ma ọ bụrụ na enwere BQ.1, mana ọ dị mkpa ka e mee nnyocha ọzọ iji nye ihe akaebe maka nke a.

E wezụga Yunlong Cao, mmadụ abụọ ọzọ so na ndepụta ahụ maka onyinye pụrụ iche ha nyere na nsogbu ahụike ọha na eze zuru ụwa ọnụ, Lisa McCorkell na Dimie Ogoina.

Lisa McCorkell bụ onye nyocha na Long COVID, dịka onye guzobere Patient-Led Research Collaborative, o nyere aka n'ịkwalite mmata na ego maka nnyocha gbasara ọrịa ahụ.

Dimie Ogoina bụ dọkịta ọrịa na-efe efe na Mahadum Niger Delta dị na Naịjirịa, ọrụ ya gbasara ọrịa monkeypox na Naịjirịa enyela ozi dị mkpa n'ọgụ megide ọrịa monkeypox.

Na Jenụwarị 10, 2022, Mahadum Maryland School of Medicine kwupụtara mmalite mbụ nke obi ezi nke e tinyere mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa n'ime mmadụ dị ndụ, mgbe David Bennett, onye dị afọ 57, natara mkpụrụ obi ezi nke e tinyere mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa iji zọpụta ndụ ya.

Ọ bụ ezie na obi ezi a agbatịala ndụ David Bennett naanị ọnwa abụọ, ọ bụ nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma na ọganihu akụkọ ihe mere eme n'ọhịa nke xenotransplantation. Muhammad Mohiuddin, dọkịta na-awa ahụ nke duru ndị otu ahụ mechara mgbanwe a nke obi ezi nke e deziri mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa, ka akpọrọ aha na ndepụta mmadụ iri kachasị elu nke Nature's People of the Year.

A họpụtara ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ maka ịkwalite ihe ndị a rụzuru na sayensị pụrụ iche na ọganihu amụma dị mkpa, gụnyere onye na-enyocha mbara igwe Jane Rigby nke Goddard Space Center nke NASA, onye rụrụ ọrụ dị mkpa na ọrụ Webb Space Telescope iji mee ka telescope ahụ banye na mbara igwe ma rụọ ọrụ nke ọma, na-ewe ikike ụmụ mmadụ inyocha eluigwe na ala gaa n'ọkwa ọhụrụ na nke dị elu. Alondra Nelson, dịka onye isi nchịkwa amụma sayensị na teknụzụ nke US nke Office of Science and Technology, nyeere ọchịchị nke President Biden aka ịmepụta ihe dị mkpa nke atụmatụ sayensị ya, gụnyere amụma gbasara iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe sayensị na ntuziaka ọhụrụ na sayensị mepere emepe. Diana Greene Foster, onye nyocha ime ime na onye na-ahụ maka ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ na Mahadum California, San Francisco, nyere data dị mkpa na mmetụta a tụrụ anya ya nke mkpebi Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke US iji gbanwee nchedo iwu maka ikike ime ime.

E nwekwara aha ndị dị na ndepụta iri kachasị elu n'afọ a nke metụtara mmepe nke mgbanwe ihu igwe na nsogbu ndị ọzọ zuru ụwa ọnụ. Ha bụ: António Guterres, odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke United Nations, Saleemul Huq, onye isi nke International Centre for Climate Change and Development na Dhaka, Bangladesh, na Svitlana Krakovska, onye isi nke ndị nnọchiteanya Ukraine na UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).